Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers
The two most common non-melanoma skin cancers are Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas, which have very similar screening, risk factors and treatments.
Basal Cell Carcinomas
This is the most common skin cancer in patients with European skin and often looks like a non-healing ulcer or nodule. It is generally slow-growing but can become invasive and is more dangerous in the head and neck areas. There are several different types, including superficial, mopheoform, nodular, micronodular and infiltrating types.
Red flags for Basal Cell Carcinomas (not exhaustive)
- non-healing sore
- persistent pain or itching in a spot
- new lumps or bumps or a scab or flaky skin that does heal
- new redness or blood vessels or bleeding in spot
Squamous Cell Carinoma
This is the second most common skin cancer in patients with European skin but the most common of darker skin types. This lesion is quite similar to the pre-cancerous actinic keratosis but is more distinct, with abnormal blood vessel formation and extra hard keratin development. The lesions are often sore and itchy.
Screening for Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Regular self-screening is advised, along with annual skin checks with a skin cancer doctor such as myself.
Risk factors for Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
- chronic, unprotected UV exposure
- radiation or arsenic exposure
- immune suppression
- a strong family history
Treatment for Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Superficial Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas can be treated with cryotherapy, curette and cautery, excision or topical creams depending on type and location and lifestyle.
More invasive cancers are normally treated with surgery. Sometimes they require skin flaps or skin grafts, which I can perform. Occasionally more extensive cancers require a specialised skin surgery called Moh's Surgery, and I normally refer my patients to a specialist Dermatologist for this.
Rarely, radiotherapy may be needed.